The principles of object-oriented programming are as follows: Encapsulation: It is the concept of bundling data and methods together within a class, hiding internal details and providing a controlled interface for interacting with objects. Inheritance: It allows classes to inherit properties and behaviors from other classes, establishing a hierarchical relationship. This promotes code reusability and supports the "is-a" relationship between objects. Polymorphism: It refers to the ability of objects to take on multiple forms or have multiple behaviors based on the context. Polymorphism enables objects of different classes to be treated as objects of a common superclass. Abstraction: It involves simplifying complex systems by breaking them down into smaller, more manageable modules. It focuses on capturing essential characteristics while hiding unnecessary details, allowing for easier understanding and maintenance of the code. Encapsulation: This principle emphasizes bundling related data and methods into a single unit called an object. It provides data protection and enables controlled access to the object's internal state through defined interfaces.