Internal application sent in online. Employer has online tools to manage internal employees' talent, including regularly updated postings, places to save cover letters and resumes for HR, and more.
Email is sent to confirm application, and then applicant has to wait until email stating whether or not they moved to the interview stage is received.
Interview is arranged, and held at an on-site location with hiring manager for the department.
Interview is typically fairly casual and friendly, tinged with formalities. Very comfortable interview process.