Brief 30 minute phone interview with a recruiter, basic questions about why you want to work for Vanguard, know about ETF's and mutual funds, and they ask about 3 behavioral questions. If you do decent enough on this, you're invited to an interview at their campus. That interview lasts 4 hours.
1 hour about company benefits and culture, 1 hour of behavioral questions, 1 hour spent on a case study, 1 hour taking a test on your financial knowledge that doesn't affect your interview. The case was easy in my opinion, they try to help you find the biggest problems in the case. Just pay close attention and underline all the important stuff and write it on the bottom of the page. You do a mock phone call at the end of the case, just build some rapport, show empathy, and give a solution to the problem at hand. The solution does not have to be right, just as long as you show your reasoning getting to the solution. The interviewer that did my behavioral questions seemed distracted, uninterested in our interview. I had a sense he had made up his mind about me even before we really started to talk. He grilled me, I followed STAR format and he would tell me to get even more specific, or ask me if I could think of another situation. He even asked me how one of my situations would possibly relate to one I might run into at Vanguard. I tried to develop all of my answers and close my interview questions, but it almost seemed like he was making sure I didn't do well. In every interview I've ever had I ask at the end "is there any reason you wouldn't hire, any hesitations you have about me," and have always gotten an answer so I can address the hesitations. My interviewer said that he wasn't allowed to discuss that with me... Seemed strange to me.
They're looking for a specific type of person for this position, you either fit it or you don't. They will be able to tell from the get go. My biggest advice is come up with scenarios where a manager was really upset with you or a client was enraged with you and how you handled it and made it into a positive situation. Be the most enthusiastic person you can that day.