Middle and first line management that does not trust nor empower people who work for them to do their jobs well. Information is horded by this level of management, creating significant hurdles for worker bees to do their jobs efficiently. The challenge process should be a PRO - but it is all too often used by this management level to micromanage, delay progress, and put their personal imprint on everything. GP hires some smart people but then often does not trust them to do their jobs without too much spirit stifling oversight. It would be great to have a clearer understanding of the long term view of the business - but this is kept secret.
Many mid level managers play favorites - not asking for nor appreciating input from other staff. These same managers are those who decide the next level of promotions - which tends to put more micro-managers in people managing positions.