UPPER MANAGEMENT
Generally dysfunctional and territorial
Those at the higher/highest levels are easily threatened and unsure of how to manage people with vision/ability
Limited strategic vision (but think they have loads)
Mixed messages - tell managers to "run their units like their own businesses", but then impose a more conservative leash on many forward-thinking, business ideas (due to territorial issues, mostly - don't want to be made to "look bad" and what seems like protecting their jobs)
Low tolerance for anything outside of "staying in line" in general - great if you're a worker ant. Not great if you're an entrepreneurially-minded business person.
ADMINISTRATIVE & RELATED
Administrative, communications, marketing, program management, and related systems are in place - but often these staff/efforts are not engaged/applied/managed in a consistent or intelligent manner. For example, marketing and communications teams often are not focused on supporting certain programs actively or properly (timely press releases on applicable industry/business unit happenings/opportunities for media outreach/brand building/awareness/etc.) - either due to lack of knowledge about programs, no awareness/active engagement, or poor management - leaving already overworked staff within program areas to have to carry the additional burdens, often outside of the scope of their jobs (creates stress and morale issues)